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The correlative research of territorial structuring is of the greatest interest for political science as it gives a chance to track the placement and the combination of settlements, transport ways and industries in a region in temporal space. However, to understand better the character of their combination and the formation of a basic framework within a certain territory, it is necessary to characterize briefly the theoretical ideas of the construction of the territorial structure. The purpose of the work consists in the complex analysis of theoretical and conceptual approaches to the research of territorial structuring of the region from the position of political, economic, and geographical sciences. In order to achieve the stated goal, the following tasks are fulfilled: study of theoretical approaches to research of conceptual bases of construction of the territorial structure; analysis and assessment of conceptual directions of theoretical constructs in their political, economic, and geographic measurement. Authors have applied an integrated approach allowing using such branches of science as geopolitics, political geography, economy, history, and political philosophy in the research of territorial structure of a region. As a result of this research, theoretical and conceptual approaches of national and foreign scientists in the field of studying territorial structuring from the position of political, economic, and geographical sciences have been analyzed; three conceptual directions of the research of territorial structuring are systematized and defined: economic and geographical (the middle of the 20th century), political/geographical and geopolitical (the end of the 20th century), and politological (the beginning of the 21st century). Moreover, their differences which are characterized by the conceptual and methodological principles upon which this research was based upon were singled out. The analyzed theoretical ideas in disclosing the subject domain of researching territorial structuring of the political direction are of the greatest interest to scientists, including the research of political processes and conditions of development of nodal and linear elements of the region in a spatial-temporal continuum. Finally, conceptual application of special theoretical methods of researching this problem gives a chance to explain regularities and peculiarities of the construction process of territorial structure in general. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.